Renal system

Short questions:

1. What is the glomerular filtration rate?
2. Describe briefly the peculiarities of renal circulation.
3. Name the substance reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule.
4. What are the hormones that act on the kidney?
5. Name the kidney function test.
6. What is renin?

Broad questions

1. Enumerate the functions of the kidney.
2. Draw and label the glomerular membrane
3. What are the factors that influence GFR?
4. How GFR can be measured? Why inulin is chosen for measuring it.
5. Mention the peculiarities of RBF with their importance. In relation to normal urine formation?
6. State the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose from the PCT of the kidney.
7. Discuss the mechanism of reabsorption of water at different parts of the renal tubular.Or describe in brief the mechanism of ADH in kidney tubules.
8. How concentration Udine is formed? Mechanism of urine formation. Define and classify diuresis.
9. Discuss the mechanism of acidification of urine.
10. How acid-base balance is maintained by the kidney?
11. Mention the obligatory urine volume.
12. Difference between water and osmotic diuresis.

Short note

1. Auto regulations of renal blood flow.
2. Countercurrent hypothesis
3. Osmotic diuresis.
4. Creatinine clearance test.
5. JG apparatus
6. Renal plasma clearance.
7. Free water clearance
8. TMG value
9. Micturation 

Body fluids and electrolyte

1. Classify body fluids compartment
2. Composition of ECF
3. Difference: ECF and ICF
4. The function of electrolyte of body fluids
5. Water intake and output chart of normal adults male
6. Type of volume disorders with examples
7. Define hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Give their cause and consequences.
8. Features of hypernatremia and misbalance
9. Regulations of water and misbalance and k+ balance
10. How H+ ion homeostasis maintains.
11. Define edema. How edema develop in severe hypoproteinemia
12. Biochemical features if the different disturbance of body fluids
13. How body water balance is maintained
14. How water is metabolized in the human body
15. Value electrolyte of ECF.

Short note

1.  water intoxication
2.  water turnovers
3. anion gap

16. How ECF volume is regulated?
17. State the functions of body water
18. What is an insensible water loss?
19. Short note i) dietary fiber ii) hypertonic volume disorders
20. Name the major water retaining solutions in ECF
21. Define electrolyte
22. How Na+ hemostasis is maintained
23. Classify volume disorders cause and consequences of hypotonic volume expansion
24. Define and classify diuresis

Also read: Biochemistry Questions & Answers

Also read: Question Collection