Clavicle & Scapula (Viva-related)

CLAVICLE

Q.1 What are the characteristic features of the clavicle?

• It is a long bone that lies horizontally in the body.
• It has no medullary cavity.
• It is subcutaneous throughout.
• It is the first bone to ossify in the body of the fetus.
• Only long bone that ossifies in membrane except sternal and acromial end.
• It is the only long bone which ossifies from two primary centers.
• It is the most commonly fractured bone in the body.
  
  

Q.2 How will you determine the side to which the clavicle belongs?

• It was two ends, lateral and medial. The lateral end is flat and the medial end is large and quadrilateral.
• Shaft is convex forwards in medial 2/3 and concave forwards in lateral 1/3.
• The inferior surface is grooved longitudinally in the middle 1/3.
  
  

Q.3 What is the nutrient artery supplying clavicle?

• Nutrient branch from the suprascapular artery
  
  

Q.4 What are the muscles attached to the medial part of the clavicle?

• Clavicular part of pectoralis major: From anterior surface of medial half.
• Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid: From the upper surface of the medial part.
• Lateral part of sternohyoid: Posterior surface of medial end.
  
  

Q.5 What are the functions of the clavicle?

• Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
• Provides attachment to muscles.
• Acts as a strut holding arm free from the trunk.
  
  

Q.6 Name the structures attached to the edges of the groove for subclavius.

• Clavipectoral fascia
  
  

Q.7 To which structure the medial end of the clavicle articulates?

• Manubrium sterni
• First costal cartilage
  
  

Q.8 At which site the clavicle fracture occurs commonly?

• At the junction of the middle and outer third, which is the weakest point.

SCAPULA

Q.9 What is the extent and position of the scapula?

• It lies on the posterolateral aspect of the chest wall.
• It extends from II to VII rib.
  
  

Q.10 How will you determine the side to which scapula belongs?

• The lateral angle is large and has a glenoid cavity.
• Lateral thickest border runs from the glenoid cavity above to the inferior angle below.
• The dorsal surface is convex and is divided into supraspinatus and infraspinatus fossa by a triangular spine.
• The costal surface is concave.
  
  

Q.11 Name the structures passing above and below the suprascapular notch.

• The suprascapular notch is converted into a foramen by the suprascapular ligament.
• The suprascapular artery passes above the ligament and suprascapular nerve below the ligament.
  
  

Q.12 Name the structures attached to Acromion.

• Trapezius: Inserted on its medial border
• Deltoid: Originates from the lateral margin, tip, and the upper surface.
• Coracoacromial ligament: Attached to apex of acromion.
  
  

Q.13 What are the structures attached to the coracoid process?

Muscles:

• Short head of biceps: Origin from the tip of the coracoid process.
• Coracobrachialis: Origin from the tip of the coracoid process.
• Pectoralis minor: Insertion on medial border and superior surface.

Ligaments:

• Coracoacromial ligament: To lateral border.
• Coracoclavicular ligament: Conoid part to knuckle of process. Trapezoid part to ridge between pectoralis minor and coracoacromial ligament.
• Coracohumeral ligament: To root of the coracoid process.
  
  

Q.14 Name the muscles inserting on the medial border of the scapula?

On coastal surface:
Insertion of two digitations of the serratus anterior.

On dorsal surface: Insertion of

• Levator scapulae: Above root of spine
• Rhomboideus minor: Opposite the root
• Rhomboideus major: Below the root 
  
  

Q.15 Which muscle originates from supraglenoid tubercle?

• Long head of biceps
  
  

Q.16 Which muscle originates from infraglenoid tubercle?

• Long head of triceps
  
  

Q.17 How many ossification centers are present in scapula?

• Eight

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